“ A just society is a society that if you knew everything about it, you’d be willing to enter it in a random place ” ~John Rawls
The Cosmic Veil of Ignorance & Stratified Utopia: Longtermist Pluralism
The Cosmic Veil of Ignorance extends John Rawls’s famous thought experiment to the scale of the universe and the post-human future. It asks how we should design the "constitution" of the future (the initial conditions of ASI) if we do not know what we will be in that future—a biological human, a digital mind or a factory-farmed animal. Stratified Utopia acknowledges that a "perfect" world for one type of being might be hell for another. Therefore, the future cannot be a single monolithic heaven; it requires a complex, multi-layered architecture of existence that accommodates radically different forms of sentience and value systems across time and space.
— conceptual engineerings, respectively, by Max Ramsahoye (from a conversation with Nora Amman) & Carlo Leonardo Attubato —
❝ Technically, it was a branch of metamathematics, usually called metamathics. Metamathics; the investigation of the properties of Realities (more correctly, Reality-fields) intrinsically unknowable by and from our own, but whose general principles could be hazarded at. Metamathics led to everything else, it led to the places that nobody else had ever seen or heard of or previously imagined.
It was like living half your life in a tiny, stuffy, warm grey box, and being moderately happy in there because you knew no better. and then discovering a little hole in one corner of the box, a tiny opening which you could get a finger into, and tease and pull at, so that eventually you created a tear, which led to a greater tear, which led to the box falling apart around you. so that you stepped out of the tiny box's confines into startlingly cool, clear fresh air and found yourself on top of a mountain, surrounded by deep valleys, sighing forests, soaring peaks, glittering lakes, sparkling snowfields and a stunning, breathtakingly blue sky. And that, of course, wasn't even the start of the real story, that was more like the breath that is drawn in before the first syllable of the first word of the first paragraph of the first chapter of the first book of the first volume of the story.
Metamathics led to the Mind equivalent of that experience, repeated a million times, magnified a billion times, and then beyond, to configurations of wonder and bliss even the simplest abstract of which the human-basic brain had no conceivable way of comprehending. It was like a drug; an ultimately liberating, utterly enhancing, unadulterably beneficial, overpoweringly glorious drug for the intellect of machines as far beyond the sagacity of the human mind as they were beyond its understanding. This was the way the Minds spent their time. They imagined entirely new universes with altered physical laws, and played with them, lived in them and tinkered with them, sometimes setting up the conditions for life, sometimes just letting things run to see if it would arise spontaneously, sometimes arranging things so that life was impossible but other kinds and types of bizarrely fabulous complication were enabled.
Some of the universes possessed just one tiny but significant alteration, leading to some subtle twist in the way things worked, while others were so wildly, aberrantly different it could take a perfectly first-rate Mind the human equivalent of years of intense thought even to find the one tenuously familiar strand of recognisable reality that would allow it to translate the rest into comprehensibility. Between those extremes lay an infinitude of universes of unutterable fascination, consummate joy and absolute enlightenment. All that humanity knew and could understand, every single aspect, known, guessed at and hoped for in and of the universe was like a mean and base mud hut compared to the vast, glittering cloud-high palace of monumentally exquisite proportions and prodigious riches that was the metamathical realm. Within the infinities raised to the power of infinities that those metamathical rules provided, the Minds built their immense pleasure-domes of rhapsodic philosophical ecstasy.
That was where they lived. That was their home. When they weren't running ships, meddling with alien civilisations or planning the future course of the Culture itself, the Minds existed in those fantastic virtual realities, sojourning beyondward into the multi-dimensioned geographies of their unleashed imaginations, vanishingly far away from the single limited point that was reality.
The Minds had long ago come up with a proper name for it; they called it the Irreal, but they thought of it as Infinite Fun. That was what they really knew it as. The Land of Infinite Fun.
It did the experience pathetically little justice. ❞
Political Philosophy
The Veil of Ignorance (Rawls): John Rawls’s method for determining political morality. It asks you to design a society's rules while standing behind a "veil of ignorance," where you do not know your race, class, gender, or ability. A rational person would design a system that maximizes the welfare of the worst-off position, just in case they end up there. This ensures fairness is built into the structure rather than relying on benevolence.
Rawls’s Difference Principle: The core output of the Veil of Ignorance: inequality is only justified if it benefits the least well-off members of society. In a cosmic/AI context, this means that the creation of super-intelligence or post-humans is only morally justified if it improves the condition of the basest sentient beings (e.g., animals, non-enhanced humans), rather than simply accelerating the elite away from them.
Structural Violence (Galtung): Defined as the avoidable disparity between potential and actual human self-realization. Violence is present when human beings are being influenced so that their actual somatic and mental realization is below their potential realization (e.g., if a person dies from a curable disease due to lack of access, this is violence). It acts as Social Injustice: a violence built into the structure of the social system through the unequal power and unequal distribution of resources, operating without a specific actor committing the harm.
In the context of the Cosmic Veil of Ignorance, this refers to the "hard-coded" inequality built into the constitution of the future. It is the systemic bias within the initial conditions of ASI or planetary governance that permanently disadvantages specific classes of sentience—whether biological humans, digital "ems," or non-human animals. It represents a violation of the Rawlsian Difference Principle at a cosmic scale, where the architecture of the Stratified Utopia fails to protect the "least well-off" (e.g., biologicals in a digital world), essentially creating a "caste system" of consciousness where the weak are structurally purged or neglected.
Cultural Violence (Galtung): Defined as those aspects of culture—the symbolic sphere of existence exemplified by religion, ideology, language, art, and science—that can be used to justify or legitimize direct or structural violence. Cultural violence makes direct and structural violence look, even feel, "right"—or at least not wrong. It changes the "moral color" of an act from red (wrong) to green (right) or yellow (acceptable), rendering reality opaque so that the populace sees exploitation and repression not as violence, but as "natural," "inevitable," or necessary for "progress."
Cosmic cultural violence describes the legitimizing myths and ideologies—such as "substrate chauvinism" (only biologicals matter) or extreme utilitarianism (only aggregate complexity matters)—that justify this structural exclusion. Cultural violence is the narrative force that allows the architects of the future to dismiss the moral weight of "mundane" values or "lesser" intelligences, framing their potential extinction or subjugation not as a tragedy, but as the natural and necessary cost of Grand Futures and progress.
Utopian Studies
Classical Utopia (Monotopia): The traditional vision of utopia as a single, static "perfect society" (like Plato’s Republic). This concept is rejected in modern futurism because it inevitably becomes dystopian; a "one-size-fits-all" paradise ignores the diversity of human (and post-human) preferences. One person's heaven (e.g., constant intellectual challenge) is another person's hell (stress and anxiety).
Polytopia & Meta-Utopia (Nozick): Robert Nozick’s framework for a "utopia of utopias." Instead of one single vision, it proposes a "framework" that allows for many different communities or "shards" of reality to exist simultaneously. In this future, individuals can voluntarily choose to live in a "shard" that matches their values—whether that is a hedonistic simulation, an Amish-style agrarian commune, or a high-tech starship—protected by a meta-layer that prevents one shard from conquering another.
Paretotopia (Drexler): Developed by Eric Drexler in the context of advanced nanotechnology and AI, Paretotopia refers to a future state that is "Pareto-preferred" to the present—meaning a world where everyone is better off (or at least no one is worse off) than they are today.
Paretotopian Goal Alignment is the strategic framework to achieve this. It posits that with the massive resource abundance made possible by Atomically Precise Manufacturing (APM) and superintelligence, the "payoff matrix" of civilization shifts. We move from a zero-sum game (fighting over scarce resources) to a positive-sum game where the cost of conflict exceeds the benefits of cooperation. In this scenario, rational agents—even those with radically different values—converge on a shared goal: preserving a safe, expansive future where each can pursue their own separate "utopia" without interfering with others.
Prototopia: coined by Kevin Kelly to describe a state of continuous, gradual improvement (becoming "better than yesterday"), Prototopia takes on an evolutionary and experimental nature. It represents the rejection of static "Utopian" blueprints, which inevitably fail due to complex unintended consequences. instead advocating for the creation of small-scale, iterative "prototype" societies that are living laboratories designed to test new lifestyles and social forms.
Grand Futures
The Lightcone: Borrowed from relativity physics, The Lightcone represents the absolute physical limit of humanity's future influence. It defines the region of spacetime that is causally accessible to us from the present moment. In existential risk ethics (Longtermism), the Lightcone symbolizes the "Cosmic Endowment"—the billions of galaxies and trillions of years of potential life and value that are at stake if we fail. It reframes existential catastrophe not just as a threat to Earth, but as a potential tragedy of astronomical proportions, where a single failure on this planet could permanently darken a significant fraction of the observable universe.
Astronomical Waste (Bostrom): Nick Bostrom’s utilitarian argument that the universe contains massive, untapped potential for positive conscious experiences. Every second that we delay technological progress or space colonization, we are "wasting" the potential lives of trillions upon trillions of happy beings that could have existed. This creates a moral imperative to accelerate, arguing that the "opportunity cost" of delay outweighs almost any present-day suffering.
Mundane vs. Exotic Values: The conflict between "human" values we understand (love, happiness, art, connection) and "alien" or AI-optimized values (complexity, paperclip maximization, raw computation). The fear is that an AGI might optimize the universe for "exotic" values that are mathematically perfect but meaningless or horrifying to us, filling the cosmos with "complexity" but devoid of joy or consciousness.
Humanism, Transhumanism & Posthumanism: this triad maps the evolution of the "subject" of civilization. The "Stratified Utopia" must therefore accommodate a world where Humanist, Transhumanist, and Posthumanist beings coexist, preventing the "advanced" successors from treating their biological ancestors as mere resources or waste.
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Humanism: The Enlightenment commitment to the well-being, agency, and dignity of the biological Homo sapiens as the measure of all things.
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Transhumanism: The transitional philosophy that advocates using technology to actively enhance human intellectual, physical, and psychological capacities, transcending biological limitations (aging, suffering, cognitive limits) while retaining human values.
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Posthumanism: The recognition that the future may belong to beings (digital minds, engineered biologicals) that are no longer "human" in any meaningful sense.
Longtermism & The Hinge of History: The philosophical belief that we stand at the most critical juncture in time—the "hinge of history." It argues that because we are the generation that will invent AGI, our actions today will disproportionately influence the long-term future. We are not just affecting the next election cycle, but locking in the trajectory of the entire future lightcone of the universe, carrying a unique burden of responsibility.
Moral Uncertainty & The Moral Parliament: Developed by William MacAskill and Toby Ord, this concept provides a decision-making framework for when we do not know which moral theory is correct.
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Moral Uncertainty: Just as we have "empirical uncertainty" about facts (e.g., will it rain?), we have "moral uncertainty" about values (e.g., is the death penalty wrong? Do digital minds matter?).
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The Moral Parliament: To solve this, we imagine a "parliament" inside our heads where different moral theories (Utilitarianism, Deontology, Virtue Ethics) hold seats proportional to our "credence" (confidence) in them. When making a high-stakes decision (like programming AGI), we should not let one theory act as a dictator. Instead, we seek a "parliamentary compromise"—a course of action that is acceptable to the broadest coalition of moral theories, preventing a "fanatical" theory from ruining the future based on a gamble.